Endnotes, Chap. 5 - Historic Resource Study, Crater Lake NP

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Historic Resource Study, Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, 1984

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Endnotes

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Chapter 5

1. J.S. Diller, "The Wreck of Mount Mazama," Steel Points, v. 1, n. 2 (January 1907), p. 49.

2. Ibid., and pp. 50, 54.

3. Ibid., p. 56.

4. Wallace W. Atwood, Jr., "The Glacial History of an Extinct Volcano, Crater Lake National Park," Journal of Geology, v. XLIII, n. 2 (February-March 1935), pp. 142-44.

5. Dr. Howel Williams, quoted in Lillie L. Madsen, "Crater Lake History Probed," Oregon Statesman (Salem), October 22, 1972, Sec. B, p. 1.

6. Joseph S. Diller and Horace Bushnell Patton, The Geology and Petrography of Crater Lake National Park, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 3 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1902). Dr. Howel Williams, well-known volcanologist who researched Crater Lake thoroughly, also believed the "crater" was formed by collapse of the peak due to withdrawal of support, but differed from Diller on the method by which the void beneath the crest was formed. Williams thought the material was both blown from the mountain in a huge upheaval and spewed over the side in a great overflow of volcanic material.

7. Descriptions of Mount Mazama's birth and death may be found in Howel Williams, Crater Lake: The Story of its Origin (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1941); Atwood, "Glacial History," pp. 142-48; Lyman J. Briggs, "When Mt. Mazama Lost Its Top," National Geographic, v. 122, n. 1 (July 1962), pp. 128-33; Diller, "Wreck of Mount Mazama"; Kirk, Exploring Crater Lake Country, pp. 6-8; Bob and Ira Spring, Crater Lake National Park, Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges, Lava Beds National Monument, text by Harvey Manning (Seattle, Wash.: Superior Publishing Co., n.d.), n.p.; National Parks of the West, pp. 68-70; and Irving Robert Melbo, Our Country's National Parks, v. 2, 50 States Ed. (Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc., 1961), pp. 204-7.

8. Robert L. Bates and Julia A. Jackson, eds., Glossary of Geology, 2d ed. (Falls Church, Va.: American Geological Institute, 1980), p. 124.

9. A letter from Elbert C. Solinsky, Superintendent, Crater Lake National Park, to The Director, National Park Service, March 12, 1930, stating that the diary of the caretaker of Crater Lake Lodge mentions that on February 5, 1924, the entire surface of the lake was frozen over for four days. Solinsky also mentions it freezing over in 1925 and 1926. Central Classified Files, 1907-49, Record Group 79, Records of the National Park Service, National Archives, Washington, D.C.

10. Joaquin Miller, "Crater Lake," Steel Points, v. 1, n. 1 (October 1906), p. 24. See Appendix G for the complete essay.

11. "Why is Crater Lake So Blue?" Carnegie Institution of Washington, News Service Bulletin, School Edition, v. IV, n. 4 (1938), p. 44; Edison Pettit, "On the Color of Crater Lake Water," Proceedings, National Academy of Sciences, v. 22 (1936), p. 146.

12. "Deep Blue Color of Crater Lake Explained at Last," Gold> Hill (Ore.) News, July 16, 1936.

13. Margaret Carter, "Fire Born and Fire Breathing," Air Oregon (May/June 1981), pp. 22, 25.

14. Robert Sterling Yard, The Book of the National Parks (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1919), pp. 146-47.

15. Nora Batchelor, "Crater Lake National Park," Overland, v. 41 (May 1903), p. 338.

16. Kirk, Exploring Crater Lake Country, p. 10.

17. Yard, Book of National Parks, p. 190.

18. Ibid., p. 191.

19. The other types of volcanoes are: shield volcanoes, the largest, formed from highly fluid hot basalts spreading quickly over a large area (e.g., island of Hawaii); dome volcanoes , formed from solid masses of stiff lava that oozes out of vents as globs of pasty rock too viscous to flow, causing it to pile up around the vent (e.g., Lassen Peak); and a composite volcano, having a classic cone shape and steep slopes flaring gently at the base (e.g., Mount Mazama), built by quiet lava eruptions alternating with discharges of rock. Kirk, Exploring Crater Lake Country, pp. 4-5.

20. Yard, Book of National Parks, p. 192.

21. Kirk, Exploring Crater Lake Country, pp. 11, 13; Work Projects Administration, Oregon, pp. 504-5.

22. Kirk, Exploring Crater Lake Country, pp. 15-16, 18, 20-21; Melbo, Our National Parks, pp. 207-12; Work Projects Administration, Oregon, pp. 504-5; Albright, "Oh, Ranger!" pp. 75-76; Evening Herald (Klamath Falls, Ore.), August 20, 1915.

23. "Resurrection of a Mountain," American Weekly, March 31, 1946, p. 11.

24. E[rnest] P. Leavitt, Supt., CLNP, to the Reg. Dir., Region Four, December 18, 1945, Central Classified Files, 1907-49, RG 79, NA.

25. "Crater Lake Volcano is Not Dangerous," Science News Letter, February 23, 1946, p. 120.

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