Endnotes

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Chapter 6

1. Lapham, Enchanted Lake, pp. 70-71; Gorman, "Discovery and Early History of Crater Lake," p. 158.

2. Place and Place, Story of Crater Lake, p. 27.

3. "Huckle-Berry Crop," Evening Herald (Klamath Falls, Ore.), October 20, 1908; Kirk, Exploring Crater Lake Country, p. 39.

4. Don C. Fisher, "The Story Behind the Scenery . . . Crater Lake," Oregon Motorist, September 1931, in Klamath County Museum Library, Klamath Falls, Oregon.

5. Gorman, "Discovery and Early History of Crater Lake," p. 157. Evidently the camera failed to work, for no pictures from the Sutton expedition have been found.

6. Ruth Teiser and Catherine Harroun, "First Crater Lake Photograph," National Parks Magazine, September 1962, pp. 14-16; Place and Place, Story of Crater Lake, pp. 28-30, 34.

7. The September 14, 1877, issue of the Ashland (Ore.) Tidings mentions a party of seventeen that left Ashland for Crater Lake, their number later swelling to over forty by the addition of other tourists by the time they got to the rim. During the next three days eighteen more people showed up, the "largest excursion party which ever left the marts of civilization to encamp among the ruins of what was once perhaps the grandest old volcano of the Cascade chain."

8. Place and Place, Story of Crater Lake, p. 37.

9. United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Theme XIX, Conservation of Natural Resources, National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings. ([Washington]: Government Printing Office, 1963), pp. 2-3, 6-7.

10. Ibid., pp. 9-19; National Parks of the West, p. 13.

11. USDI, NPS, Theme XIX, Conservation of Natural Resources, pp. 22-23; Albright, "Oh, Ranger!" p. 121; National Parks of the West p. 15.

12. USDI, NPS, Theme XIX, Conservation of Natural Resources, pp. 29, 35-37; Place and Place, Story of Crater Lake, p. 53.

13. "Crater Lake," Sunday Mercury (Portland, Ore.), January 16, 1886, in Steel Scrapbooks, v. 1.

14. Gorman, "Discovery and Early History of Crater Lake," p. 160.

15. "Crater Lake National Park Observes its 62nd Anniversary; Preservation is Noted," Mail Tribune (Medford, Ore.), May 1964.

16. Clarence E. Dutton, Eighth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, Part I, p. 156, quoted in Place and Place, Story of Crater Lake, p. 45. Another short account of Dutton's conclusions after his visit to the lake is found in "Crater Lake, Oregon, A Proposed National Reservation," Science, v. VII, n. 160 (February 26, 1886), pp. 179-82.

17. Gorman, "Discovery and Early History of Crater Lake," p. 159. Data concerning the Dutton survey expedition has been found in ibid., pp. 158-59; Place and Place , Story of Crater Lake, pp. 41-46; Lapham, Enchanted Lake, pp. 69-72; and Steel Points (Junior), July 1925.

18. USDI, NPS, Theme XIX, Conservation of Natural Resources, pp. 9, 32-34; National Parks of the West, pp. 15-16.

19. Alfred Runte, National Parks: The American Experience (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1979), p. 65.

20. USDI, NPS, Theme XIX, Conservation of Natural Resources, pp. 47-50.

21. Ibid., pp. 74-75.

22. Gorman, "Discovery and Early History of Crater Lake," p. 160.

23. Earl Morse Wilbur, "Crater Lake, Oregon," Scientific American, v. LXXV, n. 23 (December 5, 1896), p. 1. Data on the Mazamas may be found in Lapham, Enchanted Lake, pp. 116-20; Place and Place, Story of Crater Lake, pp. 48-52; and Will G. Steel, "Trip of a Lifetime--Story of the Great Mazama Excursion of 1896, Official Record of the Ascent of Mount Pitt and the Exploration of Crater Lake, September 13, 1906," Scrapbook 39, Oregon Historical Society, Portland, pp. 81-83.

24. House Report No. 872, Report to Accompany H.R. 4393 [Report No. 1318]--Calendar No 1327, 57th Congress, 1st Session, Passed May 21 for rept. to Prest. May 23, 1902, RG 79, NA, p. 3.

25. John Muir, "The National Parks and Forest Reservations," Harper's Weekly, v. XLI, n. 2111 (June 5, 1897), p. 566.

26. Ibid.; USDI, NPS, Theme XIX, Conservation of Natural Resources, p. 84.

27. Muir, "National Parks and Forest Reservations," p. 563.

28. Runte, National Parks, p. 68.

29. Ibid, p. 67.

30. "The Crater Lake Park," in Scrapbook 41, Oregon Historical Society, p. 205.

31. Ibid.

32. Runte, National Parks, p. 67.

33. House Report No. 872, Report to Accompany H.R. 4393, RG 79, NA, p. 1.

34. "The Crater Lake Park," Scrapbook 41, Oregon Historical Society, p. 205.

35. Runte, National Parks, pp. 67-68.

36. House Report No. 872, Report to Accompany H.R. 4393, RG 79, NA, p. 2.

37. Runte, National Parks, p. 68.

38. H.R. 4393 [Report No. 1318]--Calendar No. 1327, 57th Congress, 1st Session, Passed May 21 for rept. to Prest. May 23, 1902, RG 79, NA.

39. General Land Office, June 23, 1902, Departmental Instructions for governing of Crater Lake National Park, RG 79, NA.

40. H.R. 4393, RG 79, NA.

41. The post of United States Commissioner for Crater Lake National Park was a judicial position created by the 1916 Crater Lake Jurisdiction Act. The incumbent would reside in the park, administering federal rules and regulations and promptly passing sentence upon offenders, obviating the necessity of removing them to points outside the park for trial before a U.S. Commissioner or federal court. "Steel Appointed Park Commissioner," Mail Tribune (Medford, Ore.), November 24, 1916, in Steel Scrapbooks, v. II

42. Place and Place, Story of Crater Lake, p. 39.

43. W[illiam] G. Steel, "Crater Lake and How to See it," West Shore, v. 12, n. 3 (March 1886), p. 10.

44. "Tunnel to Crater Lake is Suggested," Oregonian (Portland), January 5, 1915, in Steel Scrapbooks, v. III.

45. "Crater Lake's Greatest Need Tunnel--Bryan," Mail Tribune (Medford, Ore.) July 30, 1915, in Steel Scrapbooks, v. III.

46. "Plan of Building Road to Water's Edge of Crater Lake Disapproved," Coos Bay Harbor (North Bend, Ore.), June 10, 1932.

47. Larry Smith, "Conservation According to Will Steel," typescript, 1976, Crater Lake National Park library.

48. United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Report of the Director of the National Park Service to the Secretary of the Interior for> the iscal Year Ended June 30, 1918 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1918), p. 63.

49. A.E.D. to Arno B. Cammerer, December 17, 1924, Central Files, 1907-39, RG 79, NA.

50. Thirty-Third Legislative Assembly--Regular Session, House Joint Memorial No. 3, Introduced by the Game Committee and read January 21, 1925, Central Files, 1907-39, RG 79, NA, p. 1

51. "Diamond Lake Will not be Included in Crater Park," Gold Hill (Ore.) News, August 12, 1926.