Nature Notes From Crater Lake
Volume 4, No. 1, July 1931
Flowers, Where the Scene-shifter -
Nature - Is Always Busy
By Lincoln Constance
The casual visitor to Crater Lake is
quite apt to be disappointed when he fails to encounter the profusion of
flowers which greet him at Rainier or Yosemite. The light soil of the
windswept Rim has not yet put forth its full burden of vegetation, but
even the intermittently stormy weather has not prevented the alpine
meadows near by from producing a rainbow of color. This floral display
is best exhibited in the Castle Crest Gardens, Copeland Meadows and
Munson Valley, but let us visit the first, as the most representative
and accessible.
On the open flat we encounter the
Newberry's Knotweed (Polygonum newberryi), conspicuous by its
large oval leaves, jointed stem, and greenish flowers. The brilliant
yellow of the Sulfur Flower (Eriogonum umbellatum), growing close
to the ground, next attracts the eye. Among the rocks at the side of the
trail the Western Anemone Windflower
(Anemone occidentalis) rears it round, feathery fruits. Just
before reaching the meadows, the Wild Bleeding-Heart or Dutchman's
Breeches (Bicuculla formosa) and the False Solomon's seal (Vagnera
amplexicaulis) cooperate to form a border of pink, white and green,
and so enliven the trail.
The meadow itself is a giant's
paint-pot, with dabs of all hues lavishly scattered over it. At the
upper end, the Blue Forget-me-not or Beggar's Ticks (Lappula diffusa),
the Mountain Valerian (Valeriana sitchensis), and the blue of
various Lupines (Lupinus)
dominate the scene. But as we continue, we note splashes of various
shades of red, the scarlet and yellow of the Columbine (Aquilegia
formosa), the gaudy crimson of the Indian Paintbrushes (Casstilleja),
and the rose-pink of the Lewis' Monkey-flower (Mimulus lewisii),
which is just commencing to bloom. On the borders of the brook, itself,
the pink spires of the peculiarly-shaped Elephants' Heads or
Butterfly-tongues (Pedicularis greenlandica) mingle with the
white clusters of the Alpine Smartweed (Polygonum bistortoides),
while the White Violet (Viola blanda) and Alpine Buttercup (Ranunculua
sp.) stud the green carpet of grass and sedges.
Several shrubs stand out conspicuously
from the herbaceous plant. These include the Mountain Ash (Sorbus
sitchensis), distinguished by its masses of white flowers borne in
flat-topped clusters from the Red berried Elder (Sambucus racemosa),
which bears its snowy flowers in cones. The Pine Manzanita (Arcostaphylos
nevadensis)
forms a mat in dry places, and is often supplemented by the Blue
Huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum), and occasionally by the
Matted Beard-tongue or Penstemon (Penstemon menziessi var.
davidsonii).
Less conspicuous but attractive flowers
are the blue Alpine Speedwell flowers, the Shooting-start (Dodecatheoum
alpinum), and two species of orchids -- the Slender Bog-orchid (Limnorchis
stricta)
and the Boreal Bog-orchid (Limnorchis dilatata). The large green
leaves of the Green Hellebore (Veratrum viride), and the young
shoots of the Monkshood (Aconitum columbianum) and the Ragweed
(Senecio triangularis) make up an important element of the herbage,
but as yet are contributing few flowers.
We cross the bridge and again emerge
upon the plain, where we are greeted by the Alpine Puss-paws (Spraguea
umbellata), the False Alpine Dandelion (Agoseris alpestris),
the Water-leaf or Pygmy Phacelia (Phacelia heterophylla), the
Newberry's Knotweed, which form the main cover. Patches of yellow or
orange are formed by the Alpine Owl's Clover (Orthocarpus), and
the yellow of the Sulfur Flower again makes it appearance.
Colorful as the meadows now are, they
give promise of even greater beauty to be anticipated. Do not think you
have "seen" the garden because you have followed the trail to its end
once. At every return you will find it wearing a different aspect, for
it is a changing pageant of color presenting a new blended mosaic as
only nature can mix her color combinations.